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| | | PKware | | The file compression system | where | SPEED and SMALL SPACES | make a BIG difference | | | | | PKZIP | PKUNZIP | PKSFX | | | | | 9 Files are included in PKZ090.EXE PKZIP.EXE Main compression program. PKUNZIP.EXE Main extraction program. MAKESFX.COM Starts the process of creating self-extracting files ZIP2EXE.EXE Used in creating self-extracting files. README.DOC General Information. DEDICATE.DOC Dedication of file format and extension to the public domain. ORDER.DOC Registration information and order form. MANUAL.DOC Reference manual for PKware File Compression Programs. APPNOTE.TXT Technical background material. RELEASE.DOC Additional release notes for this version of the software. PKWARE ENHANCEMENTS PKware Version 0.90 (PKZIP/PKUNZIP) Compression Programs 1. FAST ! PKZIP/PKUNZIP is even faster. 2. Special file handling capabilities will automatically recurse through subdirectories and store pathnames within a ZIP file. 3. Extra compression options allow you to specify the method of compression (shrinking or reducing) to be employed. 4. An easier method of creating self-extracting executable files. 5. A file that has been created using the self-extracting file commands will be treated as a normal ZIP file. All PKZIP and PKUNZIP (except -v) options will be valid. 6. Options can be placed in any order on the command line, adding more flexibility when typing the commands. 7. Files contained in a ZIP file can be sorted and viewed by any of the following: compression ratio, size, date, or name. 8. The time and date of a ZIP file can be set to the time and date of the latest file contained within the ZIP file. 9. Increased printer options for PKUNZIP. 10. A new -o option which will automatically overwrite files being extracted when another same-named file already resides on your disk. Contents 1. INTRODUCTION TO FILE COMPRESSION A. File Compression . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B. Two Related Programs - PKZIP & PKUNZIP . . . . . . . C. File Compression Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D. Use of Hard and Floppy Disk Systems. . . . . . . . . E. General Rules and Default Settings . . . . . . . . . 2. SUPER QUICK A. QUICK START - Extracting a File from a BBS . . . . . B. Use of PKware in Telecommunications - BBS . . . . . 3. PKZIP - COMPRESS FILES INTO ZIP FILES A. QUICK START - Create a ZIP file. . . . . . . . . . . B. Description of Command Options . . . . . . . . . . . 4. PKUNZIP - RECONSTRUCT & EXTRACT ZIP FILES A. QUICK START - Reconstruct a ZIP File . . . . . . . . B. Description of Command Options . . . . . . . . . . . 5. PK2EXE - SELF-EXTRACTION UTILITY . . . . . . . . . . . . 6. SPECIAL HANDLING PROCEDURES A. How a ZIP File is Made . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B. Use of a RAM Disk with PKZIP . . . . . . . . . . . . C. LAN - Local Area Network Support . . . . . . . . . . D. Creating a Pre-Selected File List. . . . . . . . . . E. Batch File Processing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7. REGISTRATION AND BACKGROUND A. Technical Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B. Registration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | | | INTRODUCTION TO FILE COMPRESSION | | File Compression | Two Related Programs - PKZIP & PKUNZIP | File Compression Terms | Use of Hard and Floppy Disk Systems | General Rules and Default Settings | | | | FILE COMPRESSION The term "compression" means to reduce in size. Computer file compression refers to reducing files in size so that they take up less storage space on disk. PKZIP will perform this reducing process quickly and easily. The compressed files are then stored in a special file called a ZIP file. ZIP files have three distinct benefits: 1. They use less disk space than normal files. Storing files in compressed form increases the life and storage availability of your expensive hard disk. 2. Many individual files can be compressed into a single ZIP file. This makes file group identification, copying, and transporting faster and easier. 3. Compressed files travel faster via modem which reduces telecommunication transmission and reception. Many BBS (computer bulletin board services) use PKware files as their standard. This enables the BBS to store more files and you to have transfer files faster and easier. TWO RELATED PKWARE PROGRAMS - PKZIP & PKUNZIP Together, PKZIP and PKUNZIP handle all of your file compression needs. PKZIP is the program that compresses files. This shrinking process is often referred to as data compression. Terms you will see during the compressing process are Storing, Shrinking, and Reducing. PKZIP also handles all file maintenance including adding and deleting files, as well as reporting on technical information from within the compressed file. PKUNZIP is the program that reconstructs or extracts compressed files. In addition to reconstructing a complete ZIP file, it can selectively release individual files, show files on the screen for fast viewing, or print them out on a printer. FILE COMPRESSION TERMS FILE COMPRESSION is the process of reducing a file's size. This is sometimes referred to as data compressing. FILE means the SINGLE name that identifies information on your floppy disk or hard drive. A ZIP FILE holds file information that has been reduced in size for better storage. It is sometimes called a compressed file or a library file. A ZIP FILE can be made up of either one or more files compressed and stored together under one file name. ______________________________________________________________________ | | | A ZIP file contains one or more files. | | | | | | MANUAL.ZIP contains --> chap1.txt toc.txt app.txt cov.txt | | | | BIG.ZIP contains --> Huge.Wks | | This is a very large worksheet that | | has been shrunk in size for better | | storage and faster telecommunications. | |____________________________________________________________________| FILE RECONSTRUCTION or FILE EXTRACTION refers to the process of recreating files that have been previously compressed. USING PKWARE WITH HARD AND FLOPPY DISK SYSTEMS PKware works BEST on a hard disk system. 1. Even though you are making files smaller, the process used to shrink them can BRIEFLY DOUBLE the storage space needed. When a ZIP file is being modified (e.g. files being added), the process creates a new ZIP file which will be used as a REPLACEMENT for the old version. Both the OLD and the NEW versions will be on your disk until just prior to the completion of the process. 2. When you reconstruct a ZIP file, the amount of space needed to hold that file can double. A large hard disk drive normally insures that enough storage area is available. Many compressed files are stored on floppy disks. The limit to floppy storage is the number of characters your floppy system will hold: Standard double density floppy 360K High density floppy 1.2 meg 3-1/2" floppy .7 or 1.4 meg You may have problems either ADDING files to a ZIP file stored on a floppy disk, or reconstructing files to a floppy disk system when the number of characters in the ZIP file is more than 50% of the available storage space on the floppy disk. Consider a standard floppy disk system: ____________________________________________________________________ | | | Standard Floppy Disk Drive of 360K | | | | A:> BigFile.ZIP has 250,000 characters | | | | 1. In order to ADD files to BigFile.ZIP, you need | | 500,000 of space. The extra space is used to | | hold a NEW updated ZIP file created BEFORE the | | old ZIP file is deleted. | | | | 2. When BigFile is reconstructed it might require | | 400,000 of space, but the available space on the | | disk restricts it to 360,000. | |__________________________________________________________________| There are a number of ways to avoid the limitations. A thorough knowledge of PKware Programs will show you how to: 1. Selectively reconstruct files from a ZIP file. Instead of extracting everything at once, you can view file size information and then select SPECIFIC files to be reconstructed to a floppy. 2. If you have two floppy drives, create the ZIP file file on your second disk drive so that you have the full 360K available to you. 3. Use the special -b command option, which routes the NEW file to an alternate disk drive during the compressing process then copies it back to the floppy disk upon completion. GENERAL RULES AND DEFAULT SETTINGS 1. PKware programs MUST be located in: A. The drive you are working on, OR . . . B. Any directory accessible through the PATH= setting. C:> PATH=C:/Utils In this example, PKware is in the Utils Directory. The computer will find and execute the program even though you are in a different directory or drive because any commands entered will be run through the PATH. Consult your MS-DOS documentation for more information. C. Any directory through the use of PATH notation if you are using MS-DOS 3.0 or later. C:>B:PKZIP -a OldFile.ZIP *.* PKZIP is located on the B:> drive C:>\UTILS\PKZIP -v Stuff.ZIP PKZIP is located in \UTILS as indicated in the PATH notation 2. All PKware program commands are typed at the prompt. 3. Typed information can be in CAPS, lower case, or a mixture. 4. The DEFAULT is *.* or ALL FILES when specific files are not named (except for the -d delete files option). 5. It is NOT necessary to type the extension .ZIP when processing a ZIP file, it will be assumed. The extension is used in this documentation for clarity. 6. A help screen is displayed when you type the program name at the prompt then press <enter>. Also typing -h on the command line will call up the help screen. C:>PKZIP enter gives you HELP C:>PKUNZIP " " " " 7. The notation PKUNZIP * or *.ZIP will reconstruct all ZIP files within the given area. 8. During the reconstructing process, the notation *.* will tell PKUNZIP to attempt to reconstruct ALL files whether they are ZIP files or not. This would waste time, but will not damage any files. 9. The default area for the temporary second ZIP file that is created while the original is being updated, is the same path and directory location as the original ZIP file. As this can cause a space shortage on a floppy disk, the -b option is recommended. (See Section 3) 10. The compressing function will STOP if specific, pre-specified files are not found. 11. All MS-DOS file handling procedures can be used: Filename.ext Full file name designations *Name.ext Names with wild card markers *.ext Filename.* *.* File?ame.ext A:filename.ext Disk drive and file name C:\Lotus\March\*.* Disk drive and PATH locations | | | SUPER QUICK | | QUICK START- Extracting a File from a BBS | Use of PKware in Telecommunications - BBS | | | | | | | _________________________________________________________________________ | | | QUICK START | | | | Reconstructing a ZIP File from a BBS | | | | A BBS is a Computer Bulletin Board Service. Those who use this | | type of service can acquire programs or other information in the | | form of compressed files. These files are picked up via a modem. | | In order to use these files, they must be (reconstructed or | | extracted) through the use of PKUNZIP. | | | | Follow this example to UNZIP your files: | | | | | | C:>PKUNZIP A:AnyFile.XYZ C: | | _______ _____________ ___ | | | | | | | | | Drive/Path to locate the files in | | | | | | | Name and Location of the file being extracted | | | > Use any MS-DOS file notation | | | | | the UNZIP command | | > The command MUST be located at the prompt position | | or | | > The program can be located elsewhere through the | | PATH= setting | |_______________________________________________________________________| USE OF PKWARE IN TELECOMMUNICATIONS - BBS Compressed library files store much information into a relatively small space. PKware file compression methods are the standard used by many successful BBS systems across the country. Compressed files, known as ZIP files in PKware notation, created through PKware, assure you of the highest level of file accuracy. PKware compressed files are the most compact, meaning they take less telecommunications time to deliver, PLUS PKware is FAST! According to benchmarks published in major computer magazines, you will be able to manipulate your compressed files many times faster with PKware as compared to similar programs on the market. PKware provides YOU with the highest standards of the industry. If you find the software fast, easy, and convenient to use, a registration of $25 would be appreciated. If you send $47 or more, you will receive a diskette with documentation for the next version of the software, when available. Please state the version of the software that you currently have. Send registrations to: PKware, Inc. 7545 N. Port Washington Rd. Suite 205 Glendale, WI 53217-3422 | | | PKZIP - COMPRESS FILES INTO ZIP FILES | | QUICK START - Create a ZIP file | Description of Command Options | | | | QUICK START - CREATE A ZIP FILE This section will describe some simple examples, illustrating the command format for creating a ZIP file. _________________________________________________________________________ | | | QUICK START | | How to compress files | | | | Use PKZIP to reduce or compress the size of your files. All | | compressed files are stored in a ZIP file, also know as a | | Library file, while in their compressed state. | | | | The benefits of Compressing are: | | | | - Better use of disk storage area | | - Faster telecommunication file transfer via a modem | | - Collecting numerous files under a single file name | | | | PKZIP uses 4 areas typed at the prompt: | | | | 1. The actual program name PKZIP | | | | 2. The command options letter commands | | example: -a = add files | | | | 3. The name YOU give your NewFile and LOCATION | | ZIP file and its location. | | If no extension specified, | | default = .ZIP. | | | | 4. The files that get compressed any MS-DOS file notation | | into the ZIP file. | | | | Examples: | | | | C:>PKZIP -a A:NEWFILE *.* | | | | This will create a file named NEWFILE.ZIP. The .ZIP extension will | | be added automatically when the ZIP file has been completed. In | | this example, all of the files in the current directory will be | | compressed into NEWFILE.ZIP. | | | | | | C:>PKZIP -a B:BUDGET \LOTUS\Checks.Wks \LOTUS\Money.Wks | | | | This will create a ZIP file named BUDGET.ZIP on the B drive. It | | will contain two files, both currently located in the C:\LOTUS | | directory. | | | | C:>PKZIP -f FILES *.TXT | | | | This will update an existing ZIP file named FILES.ZIP. All of the | | files with a .TXT extension that already exist in the ZIP file, and | | that are also dated later then those already within FILES.ZIP, will | | be updated. | |_______________________________________________________________________| Description of Command Options The commands used in creating a ZIP file will be explained in detail in this section. You will find that the new command format is much more flexible and easier to use. Listed below is a summary of important facts to keep in mind while using PKZIP. - The command options can generally be placed anywhere on the command line. - The first filename listed on the command line will be interpreted as the ZIP file. - The command can be typed using either upper case, lower case, or any combination. - All command options for the software must be preceded by a '-' character or the MS-DOS switch character (usually '/'). - Most options except where noted can be combined (i.e. "-x -y" or "-xy"). - The default values for the command line are as follows: - If no options are entered, the default is '-a', the add file option. - If no extension is specified for the ZIP file the .ZIP extension will be used. - If no location is listed for the ZIP file, it will be located in the current directory. - If no file specs (filenames, with or without wildcards) are listed, the default is *.* (unless the -d option is being used). The following table lists all the options valid with the PKZIP command. A brief summary is also given in the table. The options are explained in detail, along with programming examples, following the table. Table 3-1 PKZIP Command Options Option Summary -a Adds files to ZIP file. -b[path] Creates a temporary ZIP file at the specified alternate location. This temporary file is used only in the creation of the ZIP file, and will be automatically deleted when the process is complete. -c Adds file comments to individual files within the ZIP file. Not implemented in first release. -d Deletes the specified files from the ZIP file. -e[a,b][n] Specifies extra compression method. -f Freshens files in the ZIP file. -g Encrypts files in the ZIP file. Not implemented in first release. -h Calls up a help screen. -i Backs up only the files that were not backed up the last time. -l Displays the license screen. -m Adds files to the ZIP file and automatically deletes the original or source files. -o Sets time and date of the ZIP file to the time and date of the latest file contained in the ZIP file. -p Stores relative paths with the filenames in the ZIP file. Should be used with -r option below. -r Recurses subdirectories from the specified directories. -u Updates the ZIP file. -v[t][r/s/d/n] Views technical information about files in the ZIP file. The files can be sorted by compression Ratio, Size, Date, or alphabetically by Name. There are several size factors you must be aware of when using the PKZIP command. A ZIP file can hold any number of files subject to the storage size of your disk. You NEED unused storage space at least equal to the size of the existing ZIP file in order to complete any updating process. For example, if the ZIP file to be updated is currently 250K, you need 250K for actual storage space and another 250K for the updating process. This is because PKZIP does not delete the original ZIP file until the new updated ZIP file has been created. So at the instant the new updated ZIP file is completed the original ZIP file will still exist. Therefore, you would need disk storage space twice the actual size of the ZIP file. If this poses a problem to you, it can be counteracted by using the -b command. This process is explained in greater detail later in this section. This section will give a detailed explanation of the command options used in the PKZIP command. Recall that except where noted, several options can be combined on the command line, and the options can be placed in any order. The command options are explained in groups determined by function. The options pertaining to adding or updating ZIP files are explained first, followed by the delete option, view options and miscellaneous options. -a Add files to a ZIP file This command will add files to either a NEWLY CREATED or EXISTING ZIP file. Same-name files will overwrite those already in the ZIP file regardless of which has the latest date. This is the default option if no other options are specified. A:>PKZIP -a Arrange Flowers.Txt Pictures.Wks Pots.Dbs Once the program is finished creating a new ZIP file, the extension .ZIP will be added to "Arrange" making it Arrange.ZIP -u Update existing ZIP file The existing ZIP file will be updated with files only if they are not currently in the ZIP file, or if they are dated later than those with the same name already in the ZIP file. Although this command is similar to the -a Add command, it has an update SAFEGUARD. It will overwrite existing compressed files ONLY if the selected files have the most recent time and date. C:>PKZIP -u OldFile.ZIP *.Txt Money.Wks A:Funds.Wks -f Freshen files in ZIP file. This option updates files that already exist in the ZIP file with same-named files with later times and dates. The Freshen option is limited to working with files that ALREADY exist in the ZIP file. It will overwrite existing compressed files ONLY if the files have been updated since being added to the ZIP file. It will NOT add new files. C:>PKZIP -f Picky.ZIP *.* -i Selective BACKUP feature This option will add only those files to the ZIP file that were NOT backed up the last time. If the program returns the notation "No files found", this means that everything had been previously backed up. C:\PKWARE> PKZIP -i allfiles.zip In this example, all the files in the ZIP file 'allfiles' that had not been previously backed up, will be backed up. -m Move files into a ZIP file This option will add files to a new OR existing ZIP file then automatically DELETE the original or source file. The Move option is similar to the -a Add command option except that it automatically deletes the original files. This is a REAL TIME SAVER, for example, when compressing an entire directory. The m option compresses all your files into a single ZIP file, then deletes the original files. The deletion is completed after the program verifies the ZIP file for accuracy. If an error does occur, such as DISK FULL, the original files will NOT be deleted. C:\DB> PKZIP tiny.ZIP *.dbf -m In this example, all the database files will be compressed into tiny.ZIP and then will be erased from the /DB directory. The -m option is often used in combination with either the -f or -u options. -d Delete files from WITHIN a ZIP file This option will delete single or multiple files within a ZIP file using any of the MS-DOS file handling descriptions. The name of the file will be displayed on the screen as it is being deleted. C:>PKZIP -d OldFile.ZIP Garbage.Txt Useless.Dbf In this sample, Garbage.Txt and Useless.Dbf will be deleted from the numerous files in OldFile.ZIP -v[r/s/d/n] View technical information about a ZIP file This option will display technical information about the files contained within a ZIP file. (The -vt option, explained below, will display even more technical information.) The information will be sorted and displayed in the order you indicate. The following sorting options are available: r = Ratio of compression, smallest to largest s = Size of files, smallest to largest d = date of files, oldest to most recent n = name of files, alphabetically If no sorting option is specified, the files will be displayed in the order they were compressed. The following information will be displayed about EACH file found inside of the ZIP file: Length Original length of the file Method Type of file compression used Size Size of the compressed file Ratio Percent reduction in file size Date Actual date of the file Time Actual time of the file Name Name of the file The following example will illustrate the technical information displayed when a ZIP file is viewed using the -v option. The actual output is shown below. It will be scrolled on the screen. This output is sorted alphabetically by name. C:\WORD\PK> PKZIP -vn zipdoc Length Method Size Ratio Date Time Name ------- ------ ------ ----- ---- ---- ---- 15872 Shrunk 8015 50% 02-05-89 14:45 BETA.DOC 1270 Shrunk 801 37% 01-11-89 00:12 BUGREP.DOC 1024 Shrunk 530 49% 02-05-89 14:44 CONTENTS.DOC 1622 Shrunk 917 44% 01-11-89 00:15 DISCLAIM.DOC 5382 Shrunk 2731 50% 01-11-89 00:25 EXTRACT.DOC 9728 Shrunk 4889 50% 02-06-89 21:35 FORMAT.DOC ------- ------- --- -------- 34898 17883 47% 6 -vt[r/s/d/n] View additional technical information about a ZIP file This option will display even more technical information about the files contained within a ZIP file. This option lists the files individually in a long format. (The -v option will display slightly less information, and is explained above.) The information will be sorted and displayed in the order you indicate. The following sorting options are available: r = Ratio of compression, smallest to largest s = Size of files, smallest to largest d = date of files, oldest to most recent n = name of files, alphabetically If no sorting option is specified, the files will be displayed in the order they were compressed. The following information will be displayed about EACH file found inside of the ZIP file: Filename Name of the file Date and Time Actual date and time of the file Compression Method Type of file compression used Compressed Size Reduced or compressed size of the file Uncompressed Size Original length of the file 32 bit CRC value Numeric CRC value Created by The software and operating system used to create the ZIP file Needed to extract The software needed to extract the compressed files from the ZIP file The following example will illustrate the technical information displayed when a ZIP file is viewed using the -vt option. A portion of the actual output is shown below. It will be scrolled on the screen. The information listed below will be repeated for each file in the ZIP file. C:\PK>PKZIP zipdoc -vt Filename: SDK.DOC Date and Time: Feb 06,1989 10:23:20 Compression Method: Shrunk Compressed Size: 1379 Uncompressed Size: 2560 32 bit CRC value: 05b27d12 Created by: PKZIP: 1.0 under MS-DOS Needed to extract: PKUNZIP: 1.0 -z Create a Zipcomment This option allows you to create a descriptive label for your ZIP files. The Zipcomment will then automatically be displayed by PKZIP or PKUNZIP whenever the specific ZIP file is processed. When you type in the command, as shown below, you will be prompted to enter the Zipcomment. It can be up to 32 characters long. The -z option can also be used to edit an existing Zipcomment. The -z option can be used alone on an EXISTING ZIP file or in combination with any of the add/update commands. C:\PK>PKZIP zipdoc -z After entering the above command, the program will prompt you to type in a Zipcomment. After entering the Zipcomment, press the <Enter> key to save it. -b[path] Create a temporary ZIP file on an alternate drive and path This option is designed to be used when insufficient disk space is a problem. Every time a ZIP file is updated, PKZIP creates a new pre-ZIP file. When the updating is completed, the original ZIP file is automatically deleted and the pre-ZIP file becomes the new ZIP file. The result of this operation is that you need disk storage space equal to at least twice the actual size of the ZIP file while updating the ZIP file. Disk space is generally not a problem on a hard disk, but can pose restrictions on a floppy disk. If adequate disk space is not available, the program will stop. The -b option will locate the pre-ZIP file on the path and location specified. This file is used only in the process of updating the original ZIP file. It will replace the original ZIP file and will NOT exist on the location specified in the -b option, when the update process is completed. The -b option can be used along with any of the update options. C:>PKZIP a:zipdoc *.doc -bc: -u The above example illustrates the use of the -b option. A ZIP file, zipdoc, located on drive A will be updated with all the .doc files. A temporary ZIP file, used in the update process will be located on the C drive. This file will not exist when the update process is completed. -e[a/b][n] Extra compression options This option is used to specify a slower but more efficient compression algorithm. The command parameters are defined below. -e Specifies the extra compression method. This method is known as Reducing. If the -e option is not specified, the default method of compression is Shrinking. a/b The a and b parameters specify that the extra compression is to be applied to either ASCII or Binary files. If you want to use the extra compression method on ASCII files enter -ea. If you want to use the extra compression method on Binary files, enter -eb. If only -e is specified, b is the default file type. (i.e. -eb = -e) The a and b options cannot be mixed in the same command. For example if you want to enable extra compression for both ASCII and Binary files, two options are needed (i.e. -ea3 -eb2, but NOT -eab4). n This is the compression factor. It is any number from 1 to 4. Generally 4 provides the best compression, but is the slowest. This is displayed in the chart below. n=1 fastest process time, good compression n=2 (between n=1 and n=4) Default value n=3 (between n=1 and n=4) n=4 slowest process time, best compression The compression and process time ratings listed above are generally true. However, for example, it is possible for n=2 to compress better than n=3, though this is highly unlikely. The resulting compression and process time is dependent on the contents of the files. If no compression factor is specified the default value is 2. (i.e. -ea = -ea2) For binary files, specifying a compression option of -eb2 will usually provide an optimal balance of compression and performance. While Reducing generally results in better compression than Shrinking, it is possible although unlikely, that Shrinking could compress better than Reducing for a given file. Also, while Reducing is generally slower than Shrinking, extraction of Reduced files is usually much faster than the extraction of Shrunk files. Some example commands are shown below. C:>PKZIP zipdoc *.* -eb This command would Shrink the ASCII files and Reduce the Binary files with a compression factor of 2. (This option usually provides optimum overall speed and compression.) C:>PKZIP -ea1 zipdoc -eb This command would Reduce the ASCII files with a compression of 1 and Reduce the Binary files with a compression factor of 2. -p Store relative paths with filenames in the ZIP file This command allows you to store the directory and path information pertaining to each file within the ZIP file. It is meaningful only when used with the -r option explained below. -r Recurse through subdirectories This command allows you more flexibility when creating or updating ZIP files. The program will recurse through specified directories when obtaining files to compress. For example: PKZIP alldoc -r D:*.doc C:\word\pk\*.txt This command will search all .DOC files on the D drive and all .TXT files on the C:\word\pk directory and all directories below. An entire directory tree can be compressed into a ZIP file and restored using the -p and -r options. For example: PKZIP -r -p stuff will compress all the files in the current directory, and all directories below the current subdirectory. PKUNZIP can then restore this directory tree either in the same directory, or at any place in the directory tree. (See the -d option for PKUNZIP, Section 4.) By default, the filename only will be stored, unless the -p option is specified in the command line. If the -p option is used, then the relative path will be stored. -l Display the License screen. This command will display the software license agreement. A:>PKZIP -l -h Display help screen. This command will display a help screen whenever typed on the command line. D:\PKWARE> PKZIP -h | | | PKUNZIP - RECONSTRUCT & EXTRACT ZIP FILES | | QUICK START - Reconstruct a zip File | Description of Command Options | | | | QUICK START - RECONSTRUCTING A ZIP FILE This section will describe some simple examples, illustrating the command format for reconstructing or extracting files from a ZIP file. _________________________________________________________________________ | | | QUICK START | | How to Reconstruct a ZIP file | | | | A ZIP file is one which holds much information in a greatly | | reduced space. Use the PKUNZIP program to reconstruct, or | | extract compressed files from a ZIP file. An entire ZIP file | | can be reconstructed, or specific files can be delegated to be | | extracted. | | | | There are five main parameters in the PKUNZIP command: | | | | 1. The actual program name PKUNZIP | | | | 2. The command options (optional) letter commands | | example: -v = view files | | | | 3. The ZIP file name AnyFile.ZIP | | | | 4. The destination where you want Default = directory | | the extracted information to where program is started | | be located (optional) | | | | 5. Selected files to be extracted Default = *.* | | (optional) | | | | Examples: | | | | C:>PKUNZIP AnyFile.ZIP A: | | | | This command will reconstruct all the files in the ZIP file | | AnyFile.ZIP. It will locate extracted files on the A drive. | | C:>PKUNZIP AnyFile.ZIP A: | | | | | | C:>PKUNZIP A:AnyFile.ZIP *.c | | | | In this example the ZIP file located in the A drive will be | | reconstructed on the C drive. The destination is the C drive | | by default. Only the C files will be extracted. | | | | | | C:>PKUNZIP \Collect\AnyFile.ZIP A: -t | | | | In this example, the path location of the ZIP file is specified. | | The files will be reconstructed on the A drive. Also, the ZIP | | file will be tested (the -t option) to determine whether it | | has been corrupted. | |_______________________________________________________________________| Description of Command Options The command options used in reconstructing a ZIP file will be explained in detail in this section. You will find that the new command format is much more flexible and easier to use. Listed below is a summary of important facts to keep in mind while using PKUNZIP. - The command options can generally be placed anywhere on the command line. - The first filename listed on the command line will be interpreted as the ZIP file to be reconstructed. Subsequent filenames will be interpreted as specific files to be extracted. - The command can be typed using either upper case, lower case, or any combination. - All command options must be preceded by a '-' character (i.e. -v) or the MS-DOS switch character, usually '/'. - Most options except where noted can be combined (i.e. "-x -y" or "-xy"). - The default values for the command line are as follows: - If no options are entered, the default is -x, the extract files option. - If no extension is specified for the ZIP file the .ZIP extension is assumed. - If no destination is specified for the extracted files, they will be located in directory that the program is being run from. - If no file specs (filenames, with or without wildcards) are listed, the default is *.*. The following table lists all the options valid with the PKZIP command. A brief summary is also given in the table. The options are explained in detail, along with programming examples, following the table. Table 4-1 pkunzip Command Options Option Summary -c[m] Extracts files to the console [with more] -d Uses the pathnames stored in the ZIP file and creates the paths on extraction if they do not already exist. -e Executes a file from within a ZIP file. Not implemented in initial release. -g Decrypts files. Not implemented in initial release. -h Displays a help screen. -l Displays the license agreement. -n Extracts files from the ZIP file only if they are newer than the ones already on the disk. -o Overwrites existing files without asking for confirmation. -p[a/b][c][n] Extracts files to a printer. -t Tests the ZIP file for corruption. -v[r/s/d/n] Views technical information about files in the ZIP file. The files will be sorted by compression Ratio, Size, Date, or alphabetically by Name. -x Extract files from the ZIP file. This section will give a detailed explanation of the command options used in the PKUNZIP command. Recall that except where noted, several options can be combined on the command line, and the options can be placed in any order. The command options are explained in groups determined by function. The options pertaining to extracting ZIP files are explained first, followed by the view options, print options, and miscellaneous options. -x Extracts files from a ZIP file This command will extract files from a ZIP file. Either the entire ZIP file can be reconstructed or certain files can be specified to be extracted. The extracted files will be located in the current directory unless you specify a destination. The -x option is the default option for the PKUNZIP command. If no option is listed on the command -x will be assumed. If a file being extracted already exists at the same destination where the reconstructed files are being located, the program will prompt you for confirmation before it overwrites the existing file. C:\DB>PKUNZIP -x A:lists.zip *.dbf *.txt In the above example, all of the files with a .dbf or a .txt extension will be extracted from the ZIP file called 'lists'. The ZIP file is located on the A drive. When the noted files are extracted, they will be located in the C:\DB directory. -o Extracts files from a ZIP file This command will extract files from a ZIP file and automatically overwrite any same-named files found in the destination where the reconstructed files are being located. The program will NOT prompt you for confirmation before overwriting these files. Either the entire ZIP file can be reconstructed or certain files can be specified to be extracted. The extracted files will be located in the current directory unless you specify a destination. C:>PKUNZIP D:\PKWARE> Zfile *.doc -o In the above example, all of the files with a .doc extension will be extracted from the ZIP file called 'Zfile' (the .ZIP extension is assumed). As the files are being extracted any files with the same name in the current directory will be automatically overwritten. -c Extracts files from a ZIP file and displays them on the screen This command will extract files from a ZIP file and display them on the monitor. The extracted files will scroll continuously on the screen. The software can be told to pause after each screen of output by using the -cm option. A:>PKUNZIP STUFF -c dates.doc In this example, the file 'dates.doc' will be extracted from the noted ZIP file, and displayed on the screen. -n Extracts only the new files from the ZIP file This command will extract files from the ZIP file only if they are newer than the same-named ones already on the disk, or if they do not already exist on the disk. This option serves as an overwriting safeguard. It will not allow an older version of a file in a ZIP file to overwrite a newer version on disk. "Newer" is defined as the most recent time and date created. C:>PKUNZIP -n C:\DB\lists *.dbf In this example, all of the files with a .dbf extension, that are dated more recently than any same-named files on disk, or that do not already exist on disk will be extracted from the ZIP file 'lists'. -t Test the ZIP file This option is used to test the files to make sure they are valid and have not been corrupted. The files will be listed as they are being tested 'OK' will listed after each file if it is not corrupted. C:\WORD\PK> pkunzip zipdoc *.doc -t In the above example all the .DOC files will be tested from the ZIP file 'zipdoc.zip'. -v[r/s/d/n] View technical information about a ZIP file This option will display technical information about the files contained within a ZIP file. The view options can also be evoked in the PKZIP command. The information will be sorted and displayed in the order you indicate. The following options are available: r = Ratio of compression, smallest to largest s = Size of files, smallest to largest d = date of files, oldest to most recent n = name of files, alphabetically If no sorting option is specified, the files will be displayed in random order, the way they were compressed. The following information will be displayed about EACH file found inside of the ZIP file: Length Original length of the file Method Type of file compression used Size Reduced or compressed size of the file Ratio Percent reduction in file size Date Actual date of the file Time Actual time of the file Name Name of the file The following example will illustrate the technical information displayed when a ZIP file is viewed using the -v option. The actual output is shown below. It is sorted alphabetically by name. c:\WORD\PK>PKUNZIP -vn zipdoc Length Method Size Ratio Date Time Name ------- ------ ------ ----- ---- ---- ---- 15872 Shrunk 8015 50% 02-05-89 14:45 BETA.DOC 1270 Shrunk 801 37% 01-11-89 00:12 BUGREP.DOC 1024 Shrunk 530 49% 02-05-89 14:44 CONTENTS.DOC 1622 Shrunk 917 44% 01-11-89 00:15 DISCLAIM.DOC 5382 Shrunk 2731 50% 01-11-89 00:25 EXTRACT.DOC 9728 Shrunk 4889 50% 02-06-89 21:35 FORMAT.DOC ------- ------- --- -------- 34898 17883 47% 6 -p[a/b][c][n] Extracts files to a printer This option is used to extract files from a ZIP file and send them to a printer for printing.The command parameters are defined below. The parameters of the print option must be programmed together on the command line. (i.e. -pac1 is correct, -p -a -c1 is NOT correct.) -p Specifies the extract to printer option. a/b The a and b parameters will set the printer device to either ASCII or Binary mode respectively. If no mode is specified, whatever the default mode is for the device will be used. ASCII mode is commonly used to print text. It will form feed after each file. Binary mode corresponds to the COPY command commonly used to send fonts or graphics to a laser printer. It will not form feed after each file. The a and b options cannot be mixed in the same command. c This option specifies the port that the data should be sent through. If c is included in the print option, this specifies a serial (COM) port is to be used. If c is NOT included in the print option, this specifies a parallel (LPT) port is to be used. n This is the number of the print port being used. It can be any number from 1 to 4. If no number is listed, 1 is assumed by default. C:>PKUNZIP -pbc2 PICTURE.ZIP In the above example, the files compressed in the ZIP file 'PICTURE' will be extracted and printed in binary mode from the serial port COM2. C:>PKUNZIP stuff *.doc -p3 In the above example, all the .DOC files will be extracted from STUFF.ZIP to the parallel port LPT3. -d Recreate directory paths upon extraction This command option is uses the pathnames that have been stored in the ZIP file. The directory pathnames are stored in the ZIP file by the use of -p and -r options explained in the list of PKZIP command options explained in Section 3. If the stored output path does not exist at the reconstruction destination, this command will create them as they are stored in the ZIP file. For example: If the following directory tree exists on drive C. root----+-abc--+-dir1 | | | +-dir2-+-dir3 | | +-xyz-- +-dir4 | +-pdq If you then executed: PKZIP -r -p A:STUFF C:\abc\*.* If you then executed: PKUNZIP -d A:STUFF C:\pdq\newabc After the PKUNZIP command is processed, the C drive would then look like this: root----+-abc--+-dir1 | | | +-dir2-+-dir3 | | +-xyz-- +-dir4 | +-pdq--+-newabc-+-dir1 | +-dir2-+-dir3 | +-dir4 All of the files originally in C:\ABC and its subdirectories (dir1, dir2, dir3, and dir4) have been restored to C:\PDQ\NEWABC, with the directory tree being recreated. If this -d option is not specified and pathnames have been stored in the ZIP file, only the filenames stored in the ZIP file will be used, any pathnames will be ignored. -h Display help screen. This command will display a help screen whenever typed on the command line. The help screen will also occur when a command has been entered incorrectly. D:\PKWARE> PKZIP -h -l Display the License screen. This command will display the software license agreement. | | ZIP2EXE - SELF-EXTRACTION UTILITY | | | | | | ZIP2EXE - SELF-EXTRACTION UTILITY ZIP files can be reconstructed without PKUNZIP through the use of Self-Extraction methods. This is useful when you need to transfer compressed files to a person who may not be familiar with file compression and reconstruction procedures, or who does not have the PKUNZIP program. The self-extracting ZIP file is an executable file with a .EXE extension. By simply typing in the name of the self-extracting ZIP file, the PKUNZIP reconstruction process will be performed. The ZIP2EXE file will create a Self-Extracting .EXE file from a ZIP file while leaving the original ZIP file intact. PKSFX.PRG must be in the current directory or PATH when creating a Self-Extracting file. The program MAKESFX will create PKSFX.PRG from the distribution file. Using the Self-Extraction utility is much simpler with the new ZIP2EXE program than it has been with previous PKware software. The following example illustrates the process of creating a self-extracting ZIP file. ___________________________________________________________________ | | | Creating a Self-Extracting ZIP file | | | | | | 1. Create the ZIP file using PKZIP. | | | | 2. Create the self-extracting ZIP file by entering: | | | | C:\> ZIP2EXE ZipFile | | | | Where ZipFile is the name of the ZIP file you want to | | create the self-extracting file from. The default | | extension is .ZIP if none is given. | | | | When the process is completed a message such as the one | | shown below will be displayed on the screen to let you | | the conversion has been successful. | | | | ZipFile.ZIP => ZipFile.EXE | |_________________________________________________________________| Self-Extracting .EXE files can be modified and tested etc. with the PKZIP and PKUNZIP programs, and generally treated as ZIP files. | | SPECIAL HANDLING PROCEDURES | | How a ZIP File is Made | Use of a RAM Disk with PKZIP | LAN - Local Area Network Support | Creating a Pre-Selected File List | Batch File Processing | | | | HOW A ZIP FILE IS MADE PKZIP creates a temporary pre-ZIP file that has an extension of .!!! such as in OldFile.!!! during the compressing process. OldFile.!!! is the upgraded version of OldFile.ZIP When all of your files have been successfully compressed, the original ZIP file is deleted and the file with the extension .!!! is simply renamed with a new extension .ZIP. It is FASTER to rename the temporary ZIP file than to copy it from one disk drive to another. The FASTEST way to create your ZIP files is to do so from your largest disk drive. The -b option is used to locate the pre-ZIP file on an alternate drive location, when your disk space is limited. USE OF A RAM DISK WITH PKZIP PKZIP swaps information on and off disk memory as it runs. This process is NOT the same as the physical creation of the NEW ZIP file. The default drive for this program activity is the drive from which the program was executed. You can speed up performance as well as gain disk space by telling PKZIP which drive and/or subdirectory to use through a DOS environmental string. All routing can be directed to your RAM Disk by using the Set PKTMP command. C:>Set PKTMP=D: ---> where "D:" refers to the RAM disk LAN - LOCAL AREA NETWORK SUPPORT Both PKZIP and PKUNZIP when opening files for read-only type access will automatically open files in SHARE "deny write access" mode. This pertains to systems running with DOS 3.0 or above, so that files can be read concurrently by other tasks. PKZIP uses a unique filename for all temporary files created. This allows PKZIP to be run by concurrent programs or on a network drive without any file contention or conflict. CREATING A PRE-SELECTED FILE LIST This option is used to create List Files to record file selections you use frequently. These List Files can then be typed on the command line instead of typing all the file names separately. List Files can be used with all the PKZIP and PKUNZIP command options. The procedure for creating List Files is somewhat easier with the new PKware programs. The following example illustrates the steps necessary for creating List Files. __________________________________________________ | | | CREATE LIST | | | | 1. Create the list using a word processor | | or text editor. | | | | 2. Type in the names of the files you | | select using any MS-DOS file notation. | | | | 3. Include the directory and path locations | | of the files in the list. | | | | 4. Save the List File under the name you | | choose. There is no default extension. | | | | | | List File Name Files Included | | | | Group letters.txt | | C:\LOTUS | | Account-?.Wks | | C:\DB\Monthly.* | | D:\*.WKS | |________________________________________________| How to Use the List: The List File is preceded by the @ symbol on the command line. If the List File is not in the directory, the @ symbol is put BEFORE the PATH designation. The List File can be mixed with other options, examples are shown below. C:>PKUNZIP -r NewFile.ZIP @Group C:>PKUNZIP AnyFile.ZIP Today.Txt @Group @Data C:>PKZIP -u MoreFile @Group @\LOTUS\Accounts C:>PKZIP -a OldFile *.Dbf @OldStuff USE OF PKWARE IN BATCH FILE PROCESSING When running PKZIP and PKUNZIP with other applications, you can test if the PKware experienced an error by using the DOS error level variable. PKZIP and PKUNZIP return zero error level if no errors have occurred. If an error has occurred, the software will return one of the following error codes: PKZIP: 0 No error. 1 Bad file name or file specification. 2,3 Error in ZIP file. 4-11 Insufficient Memory. 12 No files were found to add to the ZIP file, or no files were specified for deletion. 13 File not found. The specified ZIP file or list file was not found. 14 Disk full. 15 ZIP file is read-only and can not be modified. 16 Bad or illegal parameters specified. PKUNZIP: 0 No error. 1 Warning error (such as failed CRC check). 2,3 Error in ZIP file. 4-8 Insufficient Memory. 9 File not found. No ZIP files found. 10 Bad or illegal parameters specified. 50 Disk Full. 51 Unexpected EOF in ZIP file. NOTE: Please note that if testing errorlevels in a batch file that DOS tests the errorlevel not for equality, but for greater than or equal to. For example, if the software exits with an exit code of 10, errorlevel 10 will be true, and so will errorlevel 9, errorlevel 8, and so on. Therefore, Errorlevel 0 will always test as true. Therefore, errorlevels should be tested in descending order. For example: pkunzip stuff -d d:\temp if errorlevel 51 goto err51 if errorlevel 50 goto err50 if errorlevel 10 goto err10 if errorlevel 9 goto err9 if errorlevel 4 goto err4 if errorlevel 2 goto err2 if errorlevel 1 goto err1 echo No Error goto exit :err51 echo Unexpected EOF goto exit :err50 echo Disk Full goto exit . . | | | Registration and Background | | | | Technical Support If you have any further questions or comments about PKware File Compression programs, contact: Mail PKware, Inc. 7545 North Port Washington Road Glendale, WI 53217-3422 BBS by Modem - 24 hour support 1 - 414 - 352-7176 Voice 9am to 5pm CST 1 - 414 - 352-3670 Other Background Information Phil Katz is a registered member of the Association of Shareware Professionals. ___________________________________________________________________ | | | REGISTRATION | | | | If you find PKPZIP PKUNZIP, and PKSFX fast, easy, and con- | | venient to use, a partial registration of $25 would be | | appreciated. | | | | If you send $47 or more, you will receive, when available, | | a diskette with the next version of the software. | | | | Please state the current version number of the software you | | are presently using. Send check or money order to: | | | | PKware, Inc. | | 7545 North Port Washington Raod | | Glendale, WI 53217-3422 | |_________________________________________________________________| Software License PKZIP (tm) FAST! Create/Update Utility PKUNZIP (tm) FAST! Extract Utility PKSFX (R) FAST! Self-Extract Utility Copyright 1989 PKWARE Inc. All Rights Reserved PKSFX Registered U.S. Patent and Trademark Office You are free to use, copy and distribute PKZIP, PKUNZIP, and PKSFX for NONCOMMERCIAL use if: No fee is charged for use, copying or distribution. It is not modified in any way. Clubs and user groups may charge a nominal fee not to exceed ($10) for expenses and handling while distributing PKZIP, PKUNZIP, and PKSFX. Site licenses and commercial licenses for PKZIP, PKUNZIP, and PKSFX are available. Consult the file ORDER.DOC for more information or write or call PKware for more information. PKWARE hereby disclaims all warranties relating to this software, whether express or implied, including without limitation any implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. PKWARE will not be liable for any special, incidental, consequential, indirect or similar damages due to loss of data or any other reason, even if PKWARE or an agent of PKWARE has been advised of the possibility of such damages. In no event shall PKWARE's liability for any damages ever exceed the price paid for the license to use software, regardless of the form of the claim. The person using the software bears all risk as to the quality and performance of the software.